高考英语写作句式的多样化

句式就是句子的结构方式，也就是句子的式样或格式。不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达；而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达。句式不同，表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化，文章才会生动有趣，充满活力。可是，在实际写作中，初学写作的学生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的简单句，文章单调乏味，毫无生气。笔者认为，恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化，增强表达效果。兹将常用方法简单介绍如下。

一、改变句子开头

许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性，用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如 People，We，I，He，They，She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。试比较：

A．People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food．

B．There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food．

第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there ＋be句型开头。这样既改变了主语＋谓语＋宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。实际上，为了把文章写得生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。

1．用副词开头

Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests．

2．用同位语开头

Air，water and oxygen，everything that is necessary for life．

3．用状语开头

Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it．

4．用表语开头

Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort．

5．用宾语开头

My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at．Now you will have what you asked for．

6．以短语修饰语开头

1）以介词短语开头

To me the news was very interesting，but to my wife very boring．

2）以分词短语开头

Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades，Menchester took flight for the pacific islands．

3）以不定式短语开头

To pass the exam，you should work very hard．

 

二、巧用连接词

有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如：

Natural resources are very limited．They will be exhausted in the near future．It is not true．But it bees a major concern around the world．This is a widely accepted fact．

这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如：

It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true．

再如：

The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring time it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered．

此句用and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which，语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅：

The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring time，endangering the lives of many people．

 

三、长短句交插

长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如：

（1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings．（2）There are many trees along the streets．（3）There is a clean river in the city．（4） There are many fishes in the river．（5）There are willow trees on the one side．（6）There are some pieces of grassland on the other side．（7）There are many flowers on them．

文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七、八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落：

（1）Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener．（2）Green trees line the streets．（3）A clean river winds through the city，in which a lot of fishes abound．（4）On the one side stand rows of willow trees．（5）On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers．

改写后的这段文字，有长句（1）、（3）、（5），也有短句（2）和（4），一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。

 

四、利用倒装结构

英语的基本句型是S＋V＋O，如果偶尔打破常规，改变某一成分的位置，不仅可以丰富句型，而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分，收到意想不到的表达效果。例如：

1）In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games．

2）Faith in the Chinese economic reforms the majority of people will never lose．

 

总之，英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用，文章的句式就会富于变化。同时，在学习写作的过程中，学生应不断练习构造各种各样句式，以提高语言表达能力。

 

下面还介绍一些高考英语作文中常用句式，以便同学们写作中运用参考。

例：就我而言，打游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

As far as I am concerned, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

例：毫无疑问我们应该改掉一些坏习惯。

There is no doubt that we should get rid of some ill habits.

例：随着台湾经济的快速发展，许多社会问题产生了。

With the development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

例：保持公共场所清洁是必要的。

It is necessary that we should keep the public places clean.

例：据说将要任命一位新主席。

It is said that a new president will be appointed.

例：俗语说得好：亡羊补牢犹未晚。

As an old saying goes, it is never too late to mend.

To take an example…

例：举个例子，有茂密树林的地方就有清新的空气。

To take an example, where there are thick woods, there is fresh air.

没有人能够否认，树木在地球上所有的生物中扮演着重要的角色。

No one can deny that trees play an important role among all living things on earth.

 

 

 

 

高考英语写作常用动词及经典句型

1．不及物动词 go come work
2．及物动词 have do make expect（want） tell teach show see hear   find watch think get …  
      She showed him how to grasp the main idea of articles.
      I taught myself English when I was at your age.

二．常用句型

1. There be( exist, live, lie , stand…) sb./ sth.

2. sb. have ( has / had ) sth.

3. sb. find / think /feel + it + n./ adj.+ (for sb. ) to do sth.

We think it our duty to work hard.

She finds it necessary to take down notes while listening.

They feel it important to have some working experience.

4. ~ the most +形容词+名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read… Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

5、Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V

Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。

6、~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

7、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.

8、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~（全世界都知道...）

It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

9、There is no doubt that +句子~~（毫无疑问的...）

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

10、An advantage of ~is that +句子（...的优点是...）

An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

11、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子（...的原因是...）

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

12、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子（如此...以致于...）

So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.

13、Adj / n.+ as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~（虽然...）

Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

{by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

Child as she is, she pays much attention to her behavior.

14、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）

The harder you work, the more progress you make.

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

15、By +doing sth., sb. can do sth.（借着...，..能够..）

By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动我们能够始终保持健康。

16、It is said /reported / known / thought/ believed (that)

It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.

17、On no account can we + V ~~~（我们绝对不能...）

On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

18、It is time + S +过去式（该是...的时候了）

It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

19、根据我个人经验¸…

According to my personal experience, …= Based on my personal experience, …

According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.

20、There is no one but ~~~（没有人不...）

There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。

21、It is + n / adj + that / to do…

It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.

It is convenient for us to be able to use computers

22、That is the reason why ~~~（那就是...的原因）

Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.

23. For the past +时间，S +现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）

For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

24、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。

Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

25、It pays to + V ~~~（...是值得的。）

It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

26、It is no use (good) doing…

It’s no good talking without thinking carefully.

27. It is necessary/ important/essential that + sb. (should) + do sth.

It is important that we (should) keep the public places clean.

28、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）

What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

29、not only…but also

In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her

Doctor’s degree.

Forests can not only fresh the air but also reduce noise.

30、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~（因为...）

Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

31、I am greatly convinced (that) = I am greatly assured (that)    我深信…

I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 我深信预防是于治疗

32、not…until

I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.

Yesterday I didn’t go to sleep until midnight.

三．常用短语

1. do good to（对...有益），do harm to（对...有害）

Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

2. would (not) like to do sth.                   

(don’t ) feel like doing sth.

had better ( not ) do sth.   

would rather ( not ) do sth.

prefer to do…rather than do

Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.

Tom prefers to stay up late to finish the work rather than leave it done the next day.

3. ~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V（..使..能够..）

Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

4. be + forced/obliged + to + V（不得不...）

Since the examination is around the corner, I am obliged to give up doing sports.　

5. spare no effort to do sth.

= do one’s utmost to + V = do one’s best（不遗余力的,尽全力去...）

We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

6. be closely related to ~~（与...息息相关）

Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。

7. Have a great influence on ~~~（对...有很大的影响）

Smoking has a great influence on our health.

8. Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V（养成...的习惯）

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

9.as if

He talks a lot as if he knew everything. It seems as if I am the first one arriving at school.

10.Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）

The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。

11.be based on（以...为基础）

The progress of society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的